In 1977, apple computer popularized the phenomenon of
personal computing. Initially, was a hobbyist's dream. computers became
economical enough for people to buy them for their own personal use In 1981,
IBM, the world's largests computer vendor, introduced the IBM personal
computer. Almost overnight, personal computing became legitimate in business,
industry and goverment organizations.
But this computers were"stand-alone" units_ people
did their work on their own machines and then transported disks back and forth
to share information. Although early personals computers were not powerful
enough to timeshare several users, these machines could be linked together in
computer networks, sometimes over telephone lines and sometimes in local area
networks[LANs] within an organization. This led to the phenomenon of
distributed computing, in which an organization's computing, instead of being
performed strictly at some central computer installation, is distributed over
networks to the sites at which the real work of the organization is performed.
Personal computer were powerful enough to handle the computing requirements of
individual users, and to handle the basic communications tasks of passing
information back and forth electronically.
Today's most powerful personal computers are as powerful as
the million dollar machines of just a decade ago. The most powerful desktop
machines- called workstations provide individual users with enormous
capabilities. Information is easily shared across computer networks were some
computers called file servers offer a common store of programs and data that
may be used by client computers distributed throughtout the network hence the
term client/ server computing. c and c++ have became the programming language
of choice for writing software for operating systems, for computer networking
and for distributed client/server applications. Java is rapidly becoming the
language of choice for developing internet- based applications; many
programmers have discovered that programming in jaba helps them be more
productive then programming in c or c++. Today's popular operating systems such
as unix, linux, os/2. macOs, windows and windows Nt provide the kinds of
capabilities discussed in this section
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